강좌 & 팁
vsftpd : 오픈소스 기반이며, GPLv2 라이센스를 가지고 있으며 유닉스 플랫폼에서 사용 가능합니다. 특징은 가볍고, 효율적이며, 보안성이 높은 FTP 서버 입니다. ( http://vsftpd.beasts.org )
우분투에서 ftp 서버를 운영하기 위해서는 vsftpd를 설치하여 사용 합니다.
우분투에서는 apt-get 명령어를 이용하여 vsftpd 패키지를 설치 합니다.
다음과 같은 명령어를 사용하여 ftp server 인 vsftpd를 설치 해보도록 합니다.
~$ sudo apt-get install vsftpd [sudo] password for jhpark: 패키지 목록을 읽는 중입니다... 완료 의존성 트리를 만드는 중입니다 상태 정보를 읽는 중입니다... 완료 다음 새 패키지를 설치할 것입니다: vsftpd 0개 업그레이드, 1개 새로 설치, 0개 제거 및 196개 업그레이드 안 함. 130 k바이트 아카이브를 받아야 합니다. 이 작업 후 353 k바이트의 디스크 공간을 더 사용하게 됩니다. 받기:1 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main vsftpd i386 2.3.5-1ubuntu2 [130 kB] 내려받기 130 k바이트, 소요시간 5초 (23.7 k바이트/초) 패키지를 미리 설정하는 중입니다... Selecting previously unselected package vsftpd. (데이터베이스 읽는중 ...현재 645292개의 파일과 디렉터리가 설치되어 있습니다.) vsftpd 패키지를 푸는 중입니다 (.../vsftpd_2.3.5-1ubuntu2_i386.deb에서) ... man-db에 대한 트리거를 처리하는 중입니다 ... ureadahead에 대한 트리거를 처리하는 중입니다 ... ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot vsftpd (2.3.5-1ubuntu2) 설정하는 중입니다 ... vsftpd start/running, process 3359
설치가 끝나고 나면 설정 파일인 /etc/vsftpd.conf 파일을 편집하여 자신의 상황에 맞게 서버를 설정 합니다.
아래의 내용은 vsftpd 서버의 설정파일("/etc/vsftpd.conf" )의 전체 내용 입니다.
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf # # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. # # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options. # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's # capabilities. # # # Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone # daemon started from an initscript. listen=YES # # Run standalone with IPv6? # Like the listen parameter, except vsftpd will listen on an IPv6 socket # instead of an IPv4 one. This parameter and the listen parameter are mutually # exclusive. #listen_ipv6=YES # # Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out). anonymous_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. #local_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. #write_enable=YES # # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's) #local_umask=022 # # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user. #anon_upload_enable=YES # # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create # new directories. #anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES # # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they # go into a certain directory. dirmessage_enable=YES # # If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time # in your local time zone. The default is to display GMT. The # times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this # option. use_localtime=YES # # Activate logging of uploads/downloads. xferlog_enable=YES # # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data). connect_from_port_20=YES # # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not # recommended! #chown_uploads=YES #chown_username=whoever # # You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown # below. #xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log # # If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format. # Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case. #xferlog_std_format=YES # # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session. #idle_session_timeout=600 # # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection. #data_connection_timeout=120 # # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user. #nopriv_user=ftpsecure # # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it, # however, may confuse older FTP clients. #async_abor_enable=YES # # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII # mangling on files when in ASCII mode. # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the # raw file. # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol. #ascii_upload_enable=YES #ascii_download_enable=YES # # You may fully customise the login banner string: #ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. # # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. #deny_email_enable=YES # (default follows) #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails # # You may restrict local users to their home directories. See the FAQ for # the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or # chroot_list_enable below. #chroot_local_user=YES # # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of # users to NOT chroot(). # (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that # the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the # chroot) #chroot_local_user=YES #chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list # # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it. #ls_recurse_enable=YES # # Customization # # Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by # default. # # This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the # directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used # as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem # access. secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty # # This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use. pam_service_name=vsftpd # # This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL # encrypted connections. rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/private/vsftpd.pem |
설치 이후에 ftp server 재시작 하여 서비스를 활성화 시킵니다.
$ sudo /etc/init.d/vsftpd restart Rather than invoking init scripts through /etc/init.d, use the service(8) utility, e.g. service vsftpd restart Since the script you are attempting to invoke has been converted to an Upstart job, you may also use the stop(8) and then start(8) utilities, e.g. stop vsftpd ; start vsftpd. The restart(8) utility is also available. vsftpd stop/waiting vsftpd start/running, process 3508
서비스가 활성화 되었으면, 서버 동작 확인을 위하여, 다음과 같이 접속 하여 테스트를 해봅니다.
~$ ftp localhost Connected to localhost. 220 (vsFTPd 2.3.5) Name (localhost:jhpark): falinux 530 This FTP server is anonymous only. Login failed. ftp> ftp> ftp> quit 221 Goodbye. ~$ ftp localhost Connected to localhost. 220 (vsFTPd 2.3.5) Name (localhost:jhpark): anonymous 331 Please specify the password. Password: 230 Login successful. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. ftp> ls 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 150 Here comes the directory listing. 226 Directory send OK. ftp> quit 221 Goodbye. ~$
서버를 설치만 하고 디폴트 설정 파일만을 활용한 상태로서, 익명(anonymous)로만 로그인이 되는 상태입니다. ( 기본 설정이 익명으로 접속하는 설정으로 되어 있습니다. )
다음에는 서버 설정에 대하여 상세히 살펴 보도록 할 예정 입니다.